Apākahiko kēpauHe ʻano pākaukau e hoʻohana ana i ka pūhui kepau (lead dioxide) ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi, ke alakaʻi metala e like me ka mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka solution sulfuric acid e like me ka electrolyte, a mālama a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu uila ma o ka hopena kemika o ke kēpau a me ka waikawa sulfuric. .
• Hoʻohana ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole i ke alakaʻi a hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopili i nā mea hoʻohana mana waho.
• Hoʻolako ʻia nā pahu puka makani me hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia pūʻulu electrodes e hoʻololi i ka wai distilled/deionized inā pono, a e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ala pakele no ke kinoea i hana ʻia i loko o ka pākaukau.
• Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāpana hoʻohui i ke kēpau, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka pilina uila ma waena o nā papa electrode o ka polarity like a hāʻawi i ka pilina uila ma waena o nā electrodes me kahi mamao mai kekahi i kekahi.
• Ua hana ʻia ka pahu pākahi a me ka uhi pahu i ka bakelite ma mua, akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polypropylene a i ʻole polymer.
• Sulfuric acid solution Ka electrolyte i loko o ka pila.
•Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻokaʻawale electrode me ka pahu pākaukau a hoʻohana i nā mea like e hāʻawi i ka hoʻokaʻawale kemika a me ka uila ma waena o nā electrodes. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hoʻokaʻawale electrode i ka moʻo e hoʻonui i ka volta hope i hāʻawi ʻia e ka pā.
•Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻokaʻawale pā uila me ka PVC a me nā mea porous ʻē aʻe e pale aku i ka pili kino ma waena o nā papa kaapuni pili, akā i ka manawa like e ʻae i ka neʻe manuahi o nā ion i ka electrolyte.
•Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pā electrode maikaʻi ʻole me ka pahu kepau metala, a ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili me ka paʻi lead dioxide.
•ʻO ka pā electrode maikaʻi i loko o kahi pā alakaʻi metala.
•ʻO ka electrode pākaukau he pūʻulu o nā papa electrode maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka kaʻina a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kekahi i kekahi e nā mea hoʻokaʻawale, a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā papa electrode o ka polarity like ma ka mea uila.
Ke hāʻawi ka pākaukau lead-acid i ka mana i kahi mea hana o waho, hiki mai kekahi mau hopena kemika i ka manawa like. 'O ka ho'emi 'ana o ke kēpau dioxide (PbO2) i ke kēpau sulfate (PbSO4) e loa'a ana ma ka pā electrode maika'i (cathode); hiki mai ka hopena ho'ohāhā ma ka pā electrode maika'i'ole (anode), a lilo ke kēpau metala i ke kēpau sulfate. Hāʻawi ka electrolyte (sulfuric acid) i nā ion sulfate no nā hopena semi-electrolytic ʻelua ma luna, e hana ana ma ke alahaka kemika ma waena o nā hopena ʻelua. I kēlā me kēia manawa e hana ʻia kahi electron ma ka anode, nalowale kekahi electron ma ka cathode, a ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike pane:
Anode: Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)→PbSO4(s)+2e-
Cathode: PbO2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H++2e-→PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
Hoʻololi piha: Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)→2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pākaukau no nā haneli mau manawa a mālama mau i ka hana maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua hoʻohaumia ʻia ka pā electrode lead oxide e ke lead sulfate, hiki i ka hopena ke alakaʻi i ka hopena kemika ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma ka pā electrode lead oxide. ʻO ka hope, ma muli o ka hoʻohaumia nui ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka pākaukau. I kēia manawa, lilo ka pākaukau i "pākaʻi lead-acid waste".
He ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pākī lead-acid, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka volta, ka nui a me ka maikaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā mea maʻalahi he mau pihi uila mau me ke kaumaha o 2kg wale nō; ʻo nā mea kaumaha he mau ʻoihana ʻenehana, hiki ke piʻi aku ma mua o 2t. E like me nā hoʻohana ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pākahi i nā ʻāpana aʻe.
•ʻO ka pilahi kaʻa e pili ana i ka ikehu nui i hoʻohana ʻia e nā kaʻa e like me nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa, nā tractors, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā moku kaʻa, a me nā mokulele i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻenekini, nā kukui a me nā ʻā.
•ʻO ka pākaukau maʻamau e pili ana i nā hāmeʻa lawe lima a me nā ʻanuʻu i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lako, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻāla i loko a me nā kukui pilikia.
•ʻO ka pakuhi mana e pili ana i ka pākaukau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā forklifts, nā kaʻa kolepa, nā kaʻa lawe ukana ma nā mokulele, nā noho huila, nā kaʻa uila a me nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai a i ʻole kanaka.
•ʻO ka pākaukau kūikawā e pili ana i ka pākaukau i hoʻolaʻa ʻia a i hui pū ʻia me nā kaapuni uila a me ka uila ma kekahi mau noiʻi ʻepekema, lāʻau lapaʻau a pūʻali koa.
ʻO ka pākēneka lead-acid ignition no ka pākēneka nui loa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pākēneka lead-acid. I kēia manawa, nui nā mea hana i loko o nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā kaʻa kaʻa o Kina, a ʻaʻohe kūlana o ka ʻoihana like ʻole no ke ʻano o ka pākaukau i hoʻohana ʻia. Nui nā ʻoihana nui i kā lākou mau ʻoihana ponoʻī, e hopena i nā ʻano ʻano pākaukau a me nā nui. ʻO nā kaʻa me ka mana o ka lawe ʻana ma lalo o 3t a me nā pihi no nā kaʻa maʻamau he 6 mau papa alakaʻi wale nō, a ʻo ka nui o 15 ~ 20kg.
ʻO ka pākaukau Lead-acid ka mea nui loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia o ka pākaukau ma ka honua. ʻO ka hana alakaʻi makahiki o ka honua, ʻo nā bateria lead-acid i loko o nā kaʻa, nā ʻoihana ʻoihana a me nā mea paahana lawe lima e helu pinepine i 75% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana alakaʻi honua. Hoʻopili nui nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ka honua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke alakaʻi lua. I ka makahiki 1999, ʻo ka huina o ke kēpau ma nā ʻāina Komohana he 4.896 miliona tons, ʻo ia hoʻi he 2.846 miliona tons ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ke kēpau lua, ʻo ia ka 58.13% o ka huina. He 1.422 miliona tons ka huina makahiki o ka hoopuka ana ma United States, a he 1.083 miliona tons ka hana ana o ke alakai lua, he 76.2% o ka huina. ʻO ka hapa o ka hana alakaʻi lua ma Farani, Kelemānia, Suedena, Italia, Iapana a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma mua o 50%. Ma kekahi mau ʻāina, e like me Brazil, Sepania a me Thailand, 100% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kēpau e pili ana i ke kēpau i hana hou ʻia.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 85% o nā kumulāʻau kepau i hoʻohana hou ʻia ma Kina mai nā ʻōhua lead-acid, a ʻo 50% o ke kepau i hoʻopau ʻia e ka ʻoihana pākaukau he kepau. No laila, he kūlana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kēpau lua mai nā ʻōpala ʻōpala i ka ʻoihana alakaʻi o Kina.
Kelan New Energy He hale hana kūikawā i ka hana ʻoihana o ka Papa A LiFePO4 a me LiMn2O4 pouch cell ma Kina. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kā mākou mau pā uila i nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu, moana, RV a me ke kaʻa kolepa. Hāʻawi ʻia nā lawelawe OEM & ODM e mākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi mai iā mākou ma o nā ala hoʻopili ma lalo nei:
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